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Roses are considered to be the most beautiful and popular flowers. They decorate parks, squares, gardens. Many summer residents grow various types of roses on their plots, and gardeners grow at home as potted plants.
To grow roses that will bloom magnificently and continuously for many years, it is necessary to plant the plants correctly, water them in time, feed them, prune them, carry out prophylaxis to prevent diseases, pest attacks, and if necessary, cover them for the winter.
Features of growing roses in the open field
In the middle lane, cold regions, roses are planted in spring (late April - mid-May). In warmer climates, flowers can be planted in autumn (early September - October 10) in the morning.
Rose bush
Choose a sunny, well-lit place for flowers. The eastern part of the garden is best suited. There the sun shines intensely in the morning hours (at least 6 hours). The site must be reliably protected from winds and drafts.
It is necessary to plant roses at a distance of 1 meter from shrubs (up to large trees - 2 m). It is preferable to arrange flower beds, flower beds on a hill.
They prefer light fertile roses, enriched with humus, breathable, loose, moderately moist neutral or slightly acidic soil (loam). They must be well drained. Acid level (pH 6-6.5).
Care
Water the plants 1 time / 7 days. In hot summers irrigate more often. Sprinkle, use sprinkling.
In the spring of the next year, after planting, they begin to feed the roses. For the first time, twice calcium nitrate is introduced (1 tbsp. Lodge. / 10 l. Water). Take a break of 14 days.
During budding, Superphosphate (30 g / m2), Kemira universal (40 g / m2), liquid mullein, chicken droppings, and wood ash are used. Organic substances alternate with mineral complexes.
Fertilizers are applied every 2 weeks. Do not feed during the flowering period. Fertilized last in autumn (September). After the bushes have faded, Superphosphate, potassium salt is added. In the fall, fertilize with organic matter for the last time.
Weeds weed, loosen the soil, mulch the near-trunk zones with peat or humus. Bushes are formed in spring. In the summer, wilted inflorescences and withered leaves are removed. Sanitary pruning is done in autumn.
Superphosphate
In August, they begin to prepare roses for winter. Reduce watering. After September 20, the lower leaves on the bushes are cut off. They cover the plants when the temperature is -5 degrees. Shoots are cut off, the bases are covered with earth, peat, humus. Bend the tops to the ground. Cover with spruce branches, wrap the top with a non-woven material, then with a film.
Features of growing roses at home
The best period for planting roses at home (May-September). Plants need a lot of light. However, direct sunlight is harmful to them. It is preferable to install a pot with a rose on the sills of the southeast, west windows. In the summer, the flower is taken out to the balcony, terrace, garden.Leave it under the openwork shade of other plants. In winter, they provide additional lighting with phytolamps.
The room where the rose grows should be regularly ventilated (at the same time protected from drafts). In dry summer weather, as well as in winter (the code will be the heating season), you need to abundantly spray the plant from a spray bottle (2 times a day). They also install the pot in a pallet, where wet expanded clay or fine gravel is poured.
In summer, a comfortable temperature for roses is + 20-25 degrees. In winter, it is necessary to provide a temperature regime of + 10-15 degrees.
Roses need fertile soil You can buy ready-made in the store or prepare yourself. Its composition:
- sod soil (4 parts);
- humus earth (4 parts);
- sand (1 part).
In the summer, a home flower is watered twice a day (morning, evening). Use settled water at room temperature. In the fall, watering is reduced (1 time / week). Irrigate when the top soil of the soil dries out (1-1.5 cm). Drain excess water from the saucer.
In winter, they arrange a rest period for the plant. After the last flowers fall off, they transfer it to a cool room, remove it away from the batteries. For roses to have a good "rest" the temperature should be (+ 4-6 degrees). Allowed (+ 10-14 degrees).
At the end of February, they begin to feed the roses every 10 days. Organic and mineral substances alternate. Do not fertilize plants during dormancy.
In the fall, pruning of bushes is carried out. Shorten shoots. Leave no more than 5 buds. Sick, dry branches are removed.
How the rose reproduces
There are several ways to breed a flower culture.
Seeds
Buy them or collect them from their plants. The seeds taken out of the capsules are washed in a solution of bleach (2 tsp / glass of water), then washed. Soaked in hydrogen peroxide (3%). Settled achenes are left.
The (own, but not store) seed material is stratified by placing it in cold conditions (+3 - 5 degrees). Seeds are sown in April. They will hatch in 1.5 - 2 months. When the seedlings grow up, strong shoots are planted separately from weak specimens in different pots.
Rose seeds
By dividing the bush
- Before propagating a rose from a bush, you need to choose adult plants with many shoots.
- In early spring, the bushes are completely dug up. Roots and shoots are cut (2/3). The procedure is performed in the evening.
- Divide the bush with a sharp, decontaminated pruner. Each plant fragment should contain a part of the root system, as well as 1 shoot, 2 - 3 buds.
- Now you can transplant the rose. The root collar is deepened (by 5 cm). After the culture has been planted, it is watered, spud. After 1-2 years, young roses are transformed into strong bushes. It will be possible to seat them in a permanent place.
- Reproduction of roses by dividing the bush in the fall is the same as in the spring. Only cut the shoots (1/3).
Cuttings
- This method is considered uncomplicated even for beginner growers. Almost all types of roses can reproduce in this way.
- Cuttings are cut from the middle sections of annual shoots with a thickness of 5-6 mm. The tops of the branches do not fit.
- There should be 2-3 buds on the petioles. An upper cut is made above the kidney (2 cm). Cut at the bottom under the kidney.
- Remove the lower leaves, thorns. Leave no more than 2 leaves. The lower cut is treated with a stimulant (Epin, Kornevin, Heteroauskin). Planted with a slope (angle 45 degrees). You can also submerge the scions in clean water.
How to propagate a bush rose from a bouquet
The middle parts of the stems are divided into cuttings (their length is 12-15 cm). They should have 2-3 buds.The tops of the petioles are cut off (leave a distance of 0.5 cm to the buds).
The corners of the bottom cuts (45 degrees). Disinfect them with potassium permanganate or brilliant green. Remove the lower leaves, thorns. The upper leaf plates are shortened (by 1/3).
How to propagate a bush rose from a bouquet
Dip the ends of the shoots in the stimulant. They are seated in the ground (to a depth of 1-1.5 cm). It should be covered with thick sand.
You can also root the cuttings in cups filled with water. Cover the top with halves of plastic bottles.
How to plant a rose from a bush by layering
In early spring, they begin to multiply. Choose healthy, strong shoots. Remove all leaves from them. An incision is made on the underside of the kidney, a thin sliver is inserted.
Dig a ditch next to it (depth 10 cm). They put an escape into it. Pin it with wire.
They cover it with earth, compact it, water it. Irrigate regularly. In early autumn, they separate it from the mother bush. After 2-3 weeks, the upper part of the shoot is cut off.
Experienced gardening tips
How can you propagate a rose in a greenhouse
They arrange it in a light shade or in an open area. Permissible passage of groundwater (1.5-2 m.).
Dig a pit (1-1.5 X 1-1.5 m.). Put slurry (2/3). Cover with polyethylene. Leave for 2 weeks. Then the film is removed. Pour the mixture over the manure:
- sod land (2 parts);
- leafy soil (1 part);
- sand (1 part).
Or another composition: fertile land, peat (1: 1). A layer of sand (3-5 cm) is poured on top. Before grafting, water the soil abundantly.
How can you propagate a rose in a greenhouse
The cuttings are deepened (by 1.5-2 cm). They are seated at a distance from each other (5 cm). It is false to be between the rows (8-10 cm).
The first 14 days are sprayed every day (5-7 times). After 2-3 weeks, reduce to 3 times. Ventilate in the heat. They take root after 14-21 days. As soon as the kidneys begin to form, remove the film. They are planted next spring.
How to breed roses with cuttings under banks
The petioles are prepared in the usual way. A slightly shaded area is selected. Cuttings are planted in the fall (1-1.5 months before the start of preparation for winter).
The processes are installed by slightly tilting them. 2-3 copies should fit under one container. Water the plantings abundantly. Cover with cans (three-liter).
If there is no rain, they periodically moisten the earth. After 30 days, sprouts should appear. For the winter, they cover the banks with fallen leaves. In the spring (end of May) glass vessels are removed completely.
How to breed roses with cuttings under banks
How to grow a rose in a regular potato
It is necessary to prepare cuttings (their length is 15-20 cm), tubers. Better to take young potatoes. The cuttings are immersed with the ends in a weak solution of potassium permanganate (for 12 hours).
Then they are left in the stimulating mixture (for a day). Use Kornevin, Heteroauskin. Make a hole in the potato with a sharp object. The petiole is inserted. You can plant such a blank in a flower bed or in a home pot. Grow like all rose seedlings.
These flowers can be propagated in various ways, the main thing is to carefully prepare all the necessary preparations and tools.
