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Apple-tree Gornoaltaiskoye belongs to fruit trees of the middle ripening period. The variety was bred by crossing genetic materials such as Ranetka purple and Pepin saffron by a group of Siberian breeders in 1937. 12 years later, a new species was zoned in the Volga-Vyatka regions and Siberia, where it remains the main one for growing to this day. The Gornoaltayskoe apple tree, like most other varieties, is not capable of self-pollination, so it needs a pollinator-neighbor for fruiting. The most suitable varieties for this variety are Golden Hornet and Golden Delicious.
Gornoaltaiskaya apple tree is a representative of winter-hardy varieties (there are only 20 of them), which are suitable for growing in Altai. It is used for growing and breeding new varieties suitable for planting in the northern regions of the Russian Federation.
Apple-tree Gornoaltaiskoye: variety description
An adult tree can reach a height of up to 3.5 m. The crown has a rounded shape and is not very dense, it can grow up to 6 m in diameter. Skeletal branches and trunk are characterized by a grayish-green color of the bark. The disadvantages of the variety include the fragility and looseness of the wood, due to which breaks / breaks of branches often occur.
Fruiting is carried out, as a rule, on fruit rings and twigs.
Shoots with slightly pubescent brick-colored pile. Lentils are light in color and small in size. The leaves are characterized by a rounded ovoid shape with a pointed tip and a small size. The surface of the leaf is rough, the color is dull grayish-green. The lower plate of the foliage and petioles are slightly pubescent, the stipules are lanceolate and small.
The flowering time of the variety directly depends on the climatic conditions. If favorable, the duration is 7-10 days, in rainy weather it can exceed 2 weeks.
Apple tree "Gornoaltaiskoe"
The varieties have high frost resistance indicators. With strong and very strong frosts, slight freezing may occur. However, this is not scary, since the tree easily comes into shape in the spring.
The variety has a short period of physiological dormancy, the culture awakens earlier than all other northern varieties.
The apple varietal species is suitable for planting on soils with a close location of groundwater to the surface, as well as for regions with late but rapid spring.
In the description of the Gornoaltayskoye apple tree, it is indicated that the variety has good scab resistance. Even with prolonged rains, the disease will be negligible. But there is another drawback - the skin of apples cracks from high humidity.
Apple-tree "Gornoaltayskoe" is a very productive variety
The tree begins to bear fruit 4-5 years after planting. Yields are average, fruits are small. Fruiting is annual and regular, without frequency. A young tree provides a gardener with 10 kg of apples per year, and an adult - about 35 kg. The maximum fruit (up to 100 kg) can be obtained under favorable climatic conditions and compliance with all agricultural rules. The tree has been actively bearing fruit for half a century.
The weight of each fruit is approximately 40 g. They are characterized by a rounded-conical shape with ribbing. The peel of apples is smooth, covered with a dense, but thin layer of waxy coating. The skin is extremely thin and is therefore damaged with minimal physical impact. The main color of the fruit is yellow, and the integumentary color is bright red.The sun creates an attractive tan. The fruits are kept on a long stem, which has a greenish tone. The pulp is juicy with fine grain and a delicate creamy shade. Good taste: harmonious sweet and sour with spicy aftertaste notes. The tasters rated it 4 points out of 10.
The key feature of the fruit is a high concentration of dry matter (16-20%). The variety is rich in a huge content of vitamin C (ascorbic acid). Concentration in apples (24.7 mg per 100 g).
Landing
The most suitable time for planting a seedling is spring, when the soil has already melted and warmed up a little.
The culture is very demanding on the soil. You need to use highly fertile soil, and if there is none, you cannot do without the introduction of organic or mineral fertilizers.
If the soil is acidic, it must be treated with saltpeter before planting. In addition, be sure to take care of drainage.
The ideal soil for a plant is loam, but it is better to refuse planting on clay soils altogether, since they are not fertile enough.
Before planting, a hole is preliminarily dug and drainage, a layer of fertile soil and fertilizer are poured into it, forming a mound at the bottom. Further, the root system of the seedling is evenly distributed over the surface of the pit and covered with the remaining earth, tamping it a little.
Digging a hole and pouring drainage into it
After planting, the plant needs to be watered abundantly. For each seedling about 30 liters of water.
Apple tree care
- An apple tree must always be pruned: a young one to form the correct crown shape, and an adult one to get rid of damaged, old and dry branches.
- When pruning, stumps should not be left, so shoots and branches are cut off completely. The most optimal time for pruning is spring, before the start of active sap flow.
- When planting, rotted humus, superphosphate and peat can be added to the soil. In addition, the first 2 years after planting in open ground, the plant is regularly fertilized with nitrogen, which is mixed with water and watered.
- How often you water your plant depends on the type of soil. If the soil is watery, then watering is not required. With dry land, irrigation is indispensable, each time pouring up to 50 liters of warm water under the tree.
Preparing for winter, so that the soil near the apple tree does not freeze, it must be covered with a thick layer of peat or humus.
Diseases and pests
Many pests and diseases are not scary for the Gornoaltayskoye apple variety. The exception is fungal pathologies, but their spread can be prevented by timely introduction of multivitamin mineral complexes (nitrophos, ammophos, crystallin) into the soil. Also, you can not leave stumps in which pests can settle. When pruning a tree, you need to use a clean and sharp tool, and the place of cut must be treated with garden varnish.
Apple pruning
Advantages and disadvantages of the variety
The Gornoaltayskoye apple variety is relatively new, so it has not yet become widespread in Russia. Despite this, it is in great demand in its homeland due to its advantageous features:
- high rates of frost resistance;
- good scab resistance;
- regular and abundant fruiting;
- fruits have good taste and versatility.
However, gardeners who planted Gornoaltaiskoe and harvested the first harvest note the disadvantages of the variety:
- if there are heavy rains during the fruiting period, the gardener should not count on the attractive appearance of apples (the peel of the fruit cracks from a large amount of moisture);
- small apples.
There are fewer disadvantages compared to advantages, but they are there.Some gardeners fundamentally do not plant this variety, preferring others, since the presentation of the fruit is important for them. This is mainly done by those who grow apples for sale. Others, on the contrary, close their eyes to the negative characteristics of the species and acquire seedlings for summer cottages, explaining their choice by the future abundance of the harvest and decent frost resistance. Be that as it may, you can take the risk. The unpretentiousness of the tree will allow even a novice gardener to grow an apple tree. The main thing is to purchase a high-quality seedling and study the characteristics of the variety with the growing rules.
